Bhutan
| Bhutan | |
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| Capital | Thimphu |
| Largest City | Thimphu |
| Official Languages | Dzongkha |
| Government Type | Constitutional monarchy |
| King | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck |
| Area (km²) | 38394 |
| Population Estimate | 770,000 (2024) |
| Currency | Bhutanese ngultrum (BTN), pegged to the Indian rupee |
The Kingdom of Bhutan, commonly known as Bhutan, is a landlocked country in the Eastern Himalayas of South Asia. It shares borders with China to the north and India to the south, east, and west. Bhutan is renowned for its picturesque landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and a unique governance philosophy centered on Gross National Happiness (GNH).
History
Bhutan's history is deeply intertwined with Buddhism, which has shaped its culture and governance. In the 17th century, the country was unified under Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel. In 2008, Bhutan transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy.
Geography
Bhutan is characterized by its mountainous terrain, dense forests, and fertile valleys. Over 70% of the country is covered by forests, making it one of the world's few carbon-negative countries. Its biodiversity is protected through several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
Governance
Bhutan operates as a constitutional monarchy, with the Druk Gyalpo ("Dragon King") serving as head of state. The National Assembly and the National Council form the legislative branch.
Economy
Bhutan's economy is driven by hydropower exports, agriculture, and tourism. The country has adopted a "High Value, Low Impact" tourism model to preserve its environment and culture.
Culture
Bhutanese culture is rooted in Vajrayana Buddhism. Traditional dress, the gho for men and kira for women, is widely worn. Festivals such as the Tshechu celebrate religious and cultural traditions.
Gross National Happiness
Bhutan's governance is guided by the Gross National Happiness index, which prioritizes sustainable development, cultural preservation, environmental conservation, and equitable governance.
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