Protik Sikder at 14:18, 30 December 2024

2024-12-30T14:18:45Z

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	{{Infobox language\|name=Urdu\|nativename=اُردُو\|pronunciation=[ˈʊrd̪uː]\|region=[[South Asia]]\|speakers=230 million<ref name="Ethnologue">[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/urd Ethnologue: Urdu]</ref>\|date=2023\|familycolor=Indo-European\|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages\|Indo-Iranian]]\|fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages\|Indo-Aryan]]\|fam4=[[Central Indo-Aryan languages\|Central Zone]]\|writing_system=[[Urdu alphabet]] (a [[Perso-Arabic script]])\|official=[[Pakistan]], several states in [[India]]\|iso1=ur\|iso2=urd\|iso3=urd\|sign=[[Indopakistani Sign Language]]}}		{{Infobox language\|name=Urdu\|nativename=اُردُو\|pronunciation=[ˈʊrd̪uː]\|region=[[South Asia]]\|speakers=230 million<ref name="Ethnologue">[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/urd Ethnologue: Urdu]</ref>\|date=2023\|familycolor=Indo-European\|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages\|Indo-Iranian]]\|fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages\|Indo-Aryan]]\|fam4=[[Central Indo-Aryan languages\|Central Zone]]\|writing_system=[[Urdu alphabet]] (a [[Perso-Arabic script]])\|official=[[Pakistan]], several states in [[India]]\|iso1=ur\|iso2=urd\|iso3=urd\|sign=[[Indopakistani Sign Language]]}}

	'''Urdu''' (~~{{lang-ur\|~~اُردُو}}, pronounced ''ʊrd̪uː'') is an [[Indo-Aryan languages\|Indo-Aryan language]] spoken primarily in [[South Asia]]. It is the national language and one of the two official languages of [[Pakistan]], and it is also an officially recognized language in several states of [[India]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Urdu-language Encyclopaedia Britannica: Urdu Language]</ref>		'''Urdu''' ([[Urdu]]:اُردُو, pronounced ''ʊrd̪uː'') is an [[Indo-Aryan languages\|Indo-Aryan language]] spoken primarily in [[South Asia]]. It is the national language and one of the two official languages of [[Pakistan]], and it is also an officially recognized language in several states of [[India]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Urdu-language Encyclopaedia Britannica: Urdu Language]</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==

Duyel at 04:16, 30 December 2024

2024-12-30T04:16:17Z

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	== External Links ==		== External Links ==
	[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/urd Ethnologue: Urdu Language] [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Urdu-language Encyclopaedia Britannica: Urdu Language] [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm Omniglot: Urdu Writing System]		[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/urd Ethnologue: Urdu Language] [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Urdu-language Encyclopaedia Britannica: Urdu Language] [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm Omniglot: Urdu Writing System]
			[[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]]

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{{Infobox language|name=Urdu|nativename=اُردُو|pronunciation=[ˈʊrd̪uː]|region=[[South Asia]]|speakers=230 million<ref name="Ethnologue">[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/urd Ethnologue: Urdu]</ref>|date=2023|familycolor=Indo-European|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]|fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]|fam4=[[Central Indo-Aryan languages|Central Zone]]|writing_system=[[Urdu alphabet]] (a [[Perso-Arabic script]])|official=[[Pakistan]], several states in [[India]]|iso1=ur|iso2=urd|iso3=urd|sign=[[Indopakistani Sign Language]]}}

'''Urdu''' ({{lang-ur|اُردُو}}, pronounced ''ʊrd̪uː'') is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]] spoken primarily in [[South Asia]]. It is the national language and one of the two official languages of [[Pakistan]], and it is also an officially recognized language in several states of [[India]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Urdu-language Encyclopaedia Britannica: Urdu Language]</ref>

== History ==
Urdu developed during the [[Delhi Sultanate]] (13th–16th centuries) and the [[Mughal Empire]] (16th–18th centuries) as a lingua franca for the diverse populations of the Indian subcontinent. It evolved from [[Khariboli]] and was heavily influenced by [[Persian]], [[Arabic]], and [[Turkish]]. The word "Urdu" itself is derived from the Turkish word ''ordu'' (camp or army), reflecting its origins in the Mughal military camps.<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-of-urdu Cambridge History of Urdu]</ref>

Urdu gained literary prominence in the 18th and 19th centuries through poets like [[Mir Taqi Mir]], [[Mirza Ghalib]], and [[Allama Iqbal]]. It became a symbol of cultural identity and resistance during British colonial rule.<ref name="Poetry">[https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20150610-the-most-beautiful-urdu-poetry BBC: The Beauty of Urdu Poetry]</ref>

== Writing System ==
Urdu is written in the [[Urdu alphabet]], a modified version of the [[Perso-Arabic script]]. It is written from right to left and features a rich system of diacritics to represent vowel sounds. The script is considered highly calligraphic, particularly in the [[Nastaʿlīq script]].<ref>[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm Omniglot: Urdu Writing System]</ref>

== Grammar and Vocabulary ==
Urdu grammar follows the [[Subject Object Verb|SOV]] word order typical of [[Indo-Aryan languages]]. Its vocabulary is a blend of Persian, Arabic, and Turkish influences along with Hindi and Sanskrit roots shared with its sister language, [[Hindi language|Hindi]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Urdu-language Encyclopaedia Britannica]</ref> While Urdu and Hindi are mutually intelligible in spoken form, they differ significantly in script and vocabulary, with Hindi drawing more from Sanskrit and Urdu from Persian and Arabic.

== Geographic Distribution ==
Urdu is spoken by approximately 230 million people worldwide as a first or second language. It is predominantly spoken in Pakistan, where it serves as the national language and a key medium of communication. In India, it is an official language in states like [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], and [[Telangana]]. Significant Urdu-speaking communities also exist in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and the Middle East.<ref name="Ethnologue" />

== Literature ==
Urdu boasts a rich literary tradition, encompassing poetry, novels, short stories, and drama. Poetry genres like ''[[Ghazal]]'' and ''[[Nazm]]'' have been popularized by poets such as [[Mir Taqi Mir]], [[Mirza Ghalib]], and [[Faiz Ahmed Faiz]]. Notable authors of prose include [[Saadat Hasan Manto]] and [[Ismat Chughtai]].<ref>[https://www.literaryhub.com/the-history-of-urdu-literature Literary Hub: Urdu Literature]</ref>

== Cultural Significance ==
Urdu is often associated with cultural refinement and elegance. It plays a central role in South Asian music, particularly in [[Qawwali]] (a devotional musical tradition) and Bollywood, where Urdu poetry and dialogue are frequently used.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/urdu-poetry-and-bollywood/article30320977.ece The Hindu: Urdu in Bollywood]</ref>

== Modern Usage ==
Urdu continues to thrive in modern media, literature, and academia. It is taught in schools, universities, and cultural centers worldwide. The digital age has also facilitated the development of Unicode-compliant keyboards and software for Urdu typing.<ref>[https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/language/urdu Microsoft: Urdu in Technology]</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External Links ==
[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/urd Ethnologue: Urdu Language] [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Urdu-language Encyclopaedia Britannica: Urdu Language] [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm Omniglot: Urdu Writing System]

Urdu - Revision history

Protik Sikder at 14:18, 30 December 2024

Duyel at 04:16, 30 December 2024