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	{{Short description\|Political movement in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) advocating for Bengali as a state language}}		{{Short description\|Political movement in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) advocating for Bengali as a state language}}
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	{{Infobox event		{{Infobox event
	\| name = Bengali Language Movement		\| name = Bengali Language Movement

Parvej Husen Talukder: Created page with "{{Short description|Political movement in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) advocating for Bengali as a state language}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox event | name = Bengali Language Movement | native_name = ভাষা আন্দোলন | native_name_lang = bn | location = East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) | date = 1948–1956 | result = Bengali recognized as one of the state languages of Pakistan | main_cause =..."

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{{Short description|Political movement in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) advocating for Bengali as a state language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox event
| name = Bengali Language Movement
| native_name = ভাষা আন্দোলন
| native_name_lang = bn
| location = [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]])
| date = 1948–1956
| result = Bengali recognized as one of the state languages of Pakistan
| main_cause = Imposition of [[Urdu]] as the sole state language of Pakistan
| outcome = Adoption of Bengali as a state language in 1956 Constitution
}}

The '''Bengali Language Movement''' ({{lang-bn|ভাষা আন্দোলন}}, ''Bhāṣā Āndôlôn'') was a political and cultural movement in [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]) advocating for the recognition of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as one of the state languages of [[Pakistan]]. The movement played a pivotal role in the assertion of Bengali cultural identity and the eventual independence of Bangladesh in 1971.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bengali Language Movement |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bengali-Language-Movement |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>

== Background ==
After the partition of [[British India]] in 1947, Pakistan was formed as a state with two geographically separated regions: [[West Pakistan]] (modern-day Pakistan) and [[East Pakistan]] (modern-day Bangladesh). Although Bengali was spoken by the majority of the population in Pakistan, the government attempted to impose [[Urdu]] as the sole state language.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the Bengali Language Movement |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/21st-february-special-2017/bhasha-andolon-1948-1952-1364975 |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>

== Key Events ==
=== 1948: Initial Protests ===
The movement began in March 1948 when students of [[Dhaka University]] organized protests against the government's decision to impose Urdu. On 19 March, [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the Governor-General of Pakistan, declared that "Urdu, and only Urdu" would be the state language, further intensifying the protests.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Role of Students in 1948 |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Language_Movement |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>

=== 1952: Martyrs of 21 February ===
On 21 February 1952, protests in Dhaka escalated when students and activists defied Section 144, a government-imposed ban on gatherings. Police opened fire on demonstrators, killing several students, including [[Salam]], [[Rafiq]], [[Barkat]], and [[Jabbar]]. These deaths became a symbol of resistance and sacrifice for the movement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Martyrs of 21 February |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/international-mother-language-day-21-february |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>

=== 1956: Bengali Recognized ===
The movement achieved its goal in 1956 when the [[Constitution of Pakistan (1956)|Constitution of Pakistan]] recognized Bengali as one of the two state languages.<ref>{{cite web |title=Constitution of 1956 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2019585187/ |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>

== Significance ==
The Bengali Language Movement is regarded as a milestone in the history of Bangladesh. It was instrumental in shaping the country's national identity and laid the groundwork for the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] of 1971.<ref>{{cite web |title=Language Movement and Independence |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/language-movement-history-bangladesh |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref> The events of 21 February are commemorated annually as [[International Mother Language Day]], declared by [[UNESCO]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=International Mother Language Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/mother-language-day |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
* The [[Shaheed Minar (Dhaka)|Shaheed Minar]] monument in Dhaka honors the martyrs of 21 February.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shaheed Minar |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Shaheed_Minar |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>
* 21 February is a national holiday in Bangladesh, known as ''Ekushey February'' or ''Language Martyrs' Day''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ekushey February |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/21st-february-special |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[History of Bangladesh]]
* [[Shaheed Minar (Dhaka)]]
* [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.un.org/en/observances/mother-language-day United Nations – International Mother Language Day]
* [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bengali-Language-Movement Britannica – Bengali Language Movement]

[[Category:History of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bengali language]]
[[Category:Language movements]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Protests in Pakistan]]

Bengali Language Movement - Revision history

Duyel: /* External links */

Parvej Husen Talukder at 07:14, 15 December 2024